ABRE: Brazilian Association of Packaging. The representativeness of ABRE embraces the whole packaging production chain, machine and equipment manufacturers, raw material and provision suppliers, packaging converters and users, designing agencies, teaching institutions, and the area-related entities.

ABTCP: Brazilian Technical Association of Cellulose and Paper. Created with the objective of technically qualifying the Brazilian paper makers in order to create the basis of a sustainable industry, the association aggregates over one thousand associates by generating, and disseminating specialized information about the production chain.

RESIDUOS: Is the name given to paper collected after having been used. These materials are collected by specialized companies, and then selected, stacked, and sold to paper mills as raw material. There is no universal classification of these materials; however, we can name white, or silken scraps, water line, or mantle, newspaper, undulated, mixed archive, first, or second typography, cardboard, and magazines. In the case of Papirus, we may buy scraps from graphic companies (leftovers of printing process – pre-consumption), or post-consumption scraps, selected from the paper gatherers cooperatives.

POST-CONSUMPTION SCRAPS: We can name scraps collected in offices, or the scraps from household dry waste discarded packages, that are later selected for a superior quality recycled paper. This type of scrap used in the recycling industry promotes a really efficient form to decrease garbage waste that in the world of paper represent approximately 70% of all the garbage. Post-consume scraps are all those that have been handled in some way. In the process of selective gathering, the gatherers cooperatives select these scraps and send them to recycled paper plants, such as Papirus.

PRE-CONSUMPTION SCRAPS: A good example is graphic scraps, or those generated by paper manufacturers, and that return to the manufacturing cycle without being handled by customers. They are, actually, industrial leftovers.

BLISTER: Metallic packaging that involves the pills that go inside boxes. Packaging largely utilized by the pharmaceutical industry, and that guarantees the conservation of medicine characteristics. In the case of the packaging industry, blisters are also those cardboards for batteries, as well as for hygiene and cleaning products, that have a piece of cardboard at the back, and a plastic bubble at the front involving the product.

BRACELPA: Brazilian Association of Cellulose and Paper. The mission of Bracelpa is to provide institutional, and political services, based on a solid and reliable technical structure, aiming to offer the best conditions for its associates to achieve good results, hence enabling the creation of new jobs, and social benefits brought about by the development of the economy.

BULK: Relation between the width and the grain of a paper.

CELLULOSE: The cellulose, raw material to paper production, is nothing more than a paste made of Eucalyptus scraps (paper pulp), that later enter in the paper production process. It can be fluid, in other words, sent to the paper industry in the form of a soft paste, or it may undergo a drying process, and be commercialized in big plates.

COATING: A kind of ink that is applied to the paper to give it a better finishing and texture.

FILM COATING: Paper coated and glossed in the paper machine, with excellent reproduction of color and shine, high definition of images, and superior printing quality. This paper is an intermediate between the offset paper and the couche.

COATING BLADE X BLADE: The Blade expression points toward the method, or the process of applying the coating through the use of a blade specially developed to this task. Blade coaters are state of the art, and provide better quality to the applied substrate.

BLADE COATER: It is the device used to coat the paper, its name literally means blade that applies coating, and consists of distributing, and scraping the excess of ink which is applied by a roll, or another system, over the paper with a high-precision flexible steel blade. This process is still brand new in the country, and it works with solid amounts around 60%, applying around 15 g/mª in speeds that can reach up to 1,000 meters per minute.

PAPER GATHERERS COOPERATIVE: Cooperative is a law-enforced entity that is connected to the company, and in which the workers gather to create a kind of association where all the workers are members. This leads to a more equitable distribution of earnings. The gatherers cooperative is a company set up by street scavengers, and its purpose is to collect, classify, and sell material for recycling.

DRUPA: Held at each four years, it is the largest International Fair of the Graphic Industry (printing, software, applications, systems, machinery, accessories, paper, production and packaging, services, materials, inks, conversion; it is a particular world) with over 1866 exhibitors from 52 countries that welcome almost 400,000 visitors and buyers from over 12 countries in a single event that is a worldwide reference in the sector. It is held in Düsseldorf (Germany).

DUPLEX: Historically, duplex was said to be cardboard made with sides, that is, it had two layers in its composition. Nowadays, duplex is the name of card board with a different color on each side. It usually bears a white coating on the surface of one side, and brown darker at the other side regardless of the number of layers that compose it.

FIBER: it is the name given to the single cell of vegetal growth, often longer than wider, in the shape of a cylinder which becomes thinner on the edges; it is the cellulose component used in the manufacturing of paper.

VIRGIN FIBER: Cellulose fiber from wood (eucalyptus, pine, or other vegetal species) that will originate the production of paper. Cellulose fiber derived directly from its original source, and used for the first time in papermaking.

RECYCLED FIBER: Fiber restored from refuse paper, scraps, and leftovers from the conversion process, wood remains, etc, which is used in paper or cardboard manufacturing. Alternative terminology: restored fiber, secondary fiber. Having been already used in another process, the recycled fiber is less resistant because it has been “broken” during the process.

LONG FIBER: Fiber extracted mainly from Pine. It originates a more resistant paper, like the Kraft, used for heavier products packaging.

SHORT FIBER: Fiber extracted mainly from Eucalyptus. It originates softer, smoother paper with better printability, and which is easier to be ripped (printing and writing paper, etc)

Shipping FOB / CIF: Shipping options:
• FOB: “Free on Board”: FOB determinates that the payment for the shipping will be made by the receiver. Collect Shipping.
• CIF: “Cost, Insurance and Freight”: it is when the shipping is paid by the sender of the merchandise. Paid Shipping.

FSC: Forest Stewardship Council: The main objective of the FSC IC is to develop Universal Principles and Criteria, aggregating the interests of the stakeholders (interest groups) of environmental, social, and economic chambers. Through standards, policies, and guidelines the FSC promotes the responsible handling of the world forests.

FSC Brasil: Brazilian Forest Stewardship Council
The Brazilian Forest Stewardship Council is an independent, non-governmental, non-profit organization which represents the FSC in Brazil. The institution has as its main objective to promote both the handling and the forest certification in Brazil.

IMAFLORA: Forest and Agriculture Handling, and Certification Institute.
Imaflora foments, and furthers changes in the forest and agriculture sectors with the aim of fostering the conservation, and the sustainable usage of natural resources, thus promoting social benefits.

INTERPACK: International Trade Fair for Packaging and Processes. The Interpack Düsseldorf is held at each 3 years, gathering the major agents of the Packaging Industry. Among the Interpack exhibitors are companies of the following fields: - Bottling and Packaging Equipment – Processes and materials for bottling and packaging, auxiliary processes of bottling and packaging – Candy Machinery and equipment – Services for the bottling and packaging industries, and for the candy industry.

ISEGA: Isega, Institute of Packaging Material Analysis of Germany that certificates its products as recommended for the use in pharmaceutical products, dry and fatty food (direct contact) packaging.

WATER LINE: Imported paper came with a water line (similar to that of money paper) because it was to be used in the making of books, and would cost 17% less.

MECHANICAL PULP: Part of the raw material used to make cardboard. Also called by some people, wood pulp, it is the material obtained from wood, through a mechanical process, in machines called pulp mills where the wood is properly cut in logs, peeled and cleaned, and then pressed against a rotating stone, generally synthetic. The final quality of the pulp depends on the wood itself, the type of stone or disc, and of the way in which it is ground. The main characteristics of the pulp are its uniformity, color, cleanness, de-watering degree, and fiber resilience.

THERMO-MECHANIC PULP: it is the pulp obtained from wood which submitted to vapor-based treatment.

THERMO-CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PULP: it is the mechanical pulp obtained through conventional process, where the wood logs have been previously impregnated with a chemical product, generally caustic soda, sodium carbonate or sodium sulfite. The impregnation is almost always performed at high pressure, sometimes with the help of steam. The process is used specially for hard wood by wielding a pulp that substitutes the conventional pine-tree mechanical pulp in its uses. In some cases it is made a light whitening to enhance the color.

RECYCLABLE: any material that may be returned to the product manufacturing cycle (RE-CYCLE). Most types of paper are recyclable; however, depending on the printing technique used on this paper, it will no longer be suitable for recycling. In other words, there are recyclable and recycled types of paper. Recycled paper is the most important regarding preservation and maintenance of the environment.

THE COATING OF THE PAPER: it is the best known term within the paper industry, as well as in the international literature to designate the operation which is technically called ‘paper coating with pigments’, that consists of coating the paper on one or both sides with a layer of adhesive, pigment, and other secondary ingredients, called coating ink. In our country it is also used the terminology ‘coating of the paper’, ‘painting of the paper’ or even the foreign terms “coating” and “couche”. The coating operation can be made on the paper machine or in a separate complementary facility. After the coating, the paper undergoes the regular finishing phases.

 

OUTSIDE THE MACHINE COATING: it is the name given to the operation of coating the paper when it is performed in a separate complementary facility. In our country there are small plants that apply the coating on one side only. In order to coat both sides it is necessary that the paper be passed twice through the machine. There are many processes in use, from brush appliers that are the first stage of the coating process, and still used for special products, to the modern “air-knife coaters” and “blade coaters”.

MACHINE COATING: it is the name given to the operation of coating the paper when it is done in the paper plant. It is not much employed in our country, being generally performed in the gluing press. However, for cardboard, mostly duplex, there are some factories operating with the gluing press or with devices of the type known commercially as “metering rod” or “metering bar”, which is a bar with graduated diameters. Generally, in our country, carton is sold as it exits the machine, that is, without any complementary finishing operations.

COATING INK: it is the blend of a mixing substance, pigment, and other secondary ingredients, made specially for coating the paper.

TRIPLEX: Historically, triplex was used for the carton paper consisting of three layers, that is, that had three layers in its composition. Nowadays, triplex is used to define the carton paper that has a white front layer, a dark internal layer or of distinct composition from the other two, and a white back layer, regardless of the number of layers it is made of.

TRIPLE BOTTON LINE: (People, Planet, Profit). These are the results of a company measured in social, environmental and economic terms. It is the conceptual tripod that sustains all the sustainable development practices. Based on the triple bottom line, the organization begins to work towards a systemic growth aim by acknowledging that the society depends on the economy, that the economy depends on the global ecosystem, and that the ecosystem depends on the society.